It is used for positioning and detection of metal objects. The sensing range of an inductive switch is dependent on the type of metal being detected. An inductive proximity sensor is a sensing device that detects metal targets using electromagnetic energy and without contact. The sensing range of an inductive proximity sensor changes based on the type of metal being detected.

Capacitive proximity sensors (CPS) are sensing device designed to detect both metallic and nonmetallic targets. They can detect lightweight or small objects that cannot be detected by mechanical limit switches.

Optical Proximity Sensor is a device that uses the principle of triangulation of reflected infrared or visible light to measure small distances in a robotic system. Optical proximity sensors generally cost more than Inductive Proximity Sensors, and about the same as capacitive sensors.

A solid state relay is an electronic switching device that switches on or off when an external voltage is applied across its control terminals. They serve the same function as an electromechanical relay, but as solid-state electronics contain no moving parts and have a longer operational lifetime.

A solid state relay is an electronic switching device that switches on or off when an external voltage is applied across its control terminals. They serve the same function as an electromechanical relay, but as solid-state electronics contain no moving parts and have a longer operational lifetime.

Switched-mode power supplies can also be substantially smaller and lighter than a linear supply because the transformer can be much smaller. This is because it operates on the switching frequency which ranges from several hundred kHz to several MHz in contrast to the 50-60Hz which is typical for the mains AC frequency.